Author: ZT Admin

Introduction: Learning Objectives By the end of this chapter, you should be able to: Manage graphical interface sessions. Perform basic operations using the graphical interface. Change the graphical desktop to suit your needs. Graphical Desktop You can use either a Command Line Interface (CLI) or a Graphical User Interface (GUI) when using Linux. To work at the CLI, you have to remember which programs and commands are used to perform tasks, and how to quickly and accurately obtain more information about their use and options. On the other hand, using the GUI is often quick and easy. It allows you…

Introduction: Learning Objectives By the end of this chapter, you should be able to: Identify Linux filesystems. Identify the differences between partitions and filesystems. Describe the boot process. Install Linux on a computer. The Boot Process The Linux boot process is the procedure for initializing the system. It consists of everything that happens from when the computer power is first switched on until the user interface is fully operational. Having a good understanding of the steps in the boot process may help you with troubleshooting problems, as well as with tailoring the computer’s performance to your needs. On the other hand,…

Three Important Pieces of Context Please keep in mind the following: Things change in Linux No matter how hard we have worked to stay current, Linux is constantly evolving, both at the technical level (including kernel features) and at the distribution and interface level. So, please keep in mind we have tried to be as up-to-date as possible at the time this course was released, but there may be changes and new features we have not discussed. This is unavoidable. We have repeated some things in the class material It is just about impossible in a course this comprehensive to…

Introduction: Learning Objectives By the end of this chapter, you should be able to: Discuss the role of the Linux Foundation. Appreciate the learning opportunities provided by the Linux Foundation’s training program. Describe the software environment required for this course. Describe the three major Linux distribution families. Linux is a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds, a Finnish student. Linux is typically packaged as a Linux distribution, which includes the kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software…

Introduction: Learning Objectives By the end of this chapter, you should be able to: Have a good grasp of best practices and tools for making Linux systems as secure as possible. Understand the powers and dangers of using the root (superuser) account. Use the sudo command to perform privileged operations while restricting enhanced powers as much as feasible. Explain the importance of process isolation and hardware access. Work with passwords, including how to set and change them. Describe how to secure the boot process and hardware resources. Understanding Linux Security User Accounts The Linux kernel allows properly authenticated users to access files and…

Introduction: Learning Objectives By the end of this chapter, you should know how to: Configure a printer on a Linux machine. Print documents. Manipulate postscript and PDF files using command line utilities. Configuration Printing on Linux To manage printers and print directly from a computer or across a networked environment, you need to know how to configure and install a printer. Printing itself requires software that converts information from the application you are using to a language your printer can understand. The Linux standard for printing software is the Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS). Modern Linux desktop systems make installing…

Introduction: Learning Objectives By the end of this chapter, you should be able to: Manipulate strings to perform actions such as comparison and sorting. Use Boolean expressions when working with multiple data types, including strings or numbers, as well as files. Use case statements to handle command line options. Use looping constructs to execute one or more lines of code repetitively. Debug scripts using set -x and set +x. Create temporary files and directories. Create and use random numbers. String Manipulation Let’s go deeper and find out how to work with strings in scripts. A string variable contains a sequence of text characters. It can…

Introduction: Learning Objectives By the end of this chapter, you should be able to: Explain the features and capabilities of bash shell scripting. Know the basic syntax of scripting statements. Be familiar with various methods and constructs used. Test for properties and existence of files and other objects. Use conditional statements, such as if-then-else blocks. Perform arithmetic operations using scripting language. Features and Capabilities Shell Scripting Suppose you want to look up a filename, check if the associated file exists, and then respond accordingly, displaying a message confirming or not confirming the file’s existence. If you only need to do it…

Introduction: Learning Objectives By the end of this chapter, you should be able to: Explain basic networking concepts, including types of networks and addressing issues. Configure network interfaces and use basic networking utilities, such as ifconfig, ip, ping, route and traceroute. Use graphical and non-graphical browsers, such as Lynx, w3m, Firefox, Chrome and Epiphany. Transfer files to and from clients and servers using both graphical and text mode applications, such as Filezilla, ftp, sftp, curl and wget. Network Addresses and DNS Introduction to Networking A network is a group of computers and computing devices connected together through communication channels, such as cables or wireless media. The computers connected over a network may be located in…

Introduction: Learning Objectives By the end of this chapter, you should be able to: Display and append to file contents using cat and echo. Edit and print file contents using sed and awk. Search for patterns using grep. Use multiple other utilities for file and text manipulation. Command Line Tools for Manipulating Text Files Irrespective of the role you play with Linux (system administrator, developer or user), you often need to browse through and parse text files, and/or extract data from them. These are file manipulation operations. Thus, it is essential for the Linux user to become adept at performing certain operations on files. Most of the…

Introduction Let’s start your introduction to the world of Linux by covering some of the basics. First, we’ll talk about the Linux foundation and what we do. Then, we’ll talk about the logistics of this online course. And finally, if you haven’t done so already, we’ll walk you through the process of choosing a Linux distribution that’s right for you. Let’s get started. Day 1: Introduction Day 2: Linux Philosophy and Concepts Day 3: Linux Basics and System Startup Day 4: Graphical Interface Day 5: System Configuration from the Graphical Interface Day 6: Common Applications Day 7: Command Line Operations…

Introduction: Learning Objectives By the end of this chapter, you should be familiar with: How to create and edit files using the available Linux text editors. nano, a simple text-based editor. gedit, a simple graphical editor. vi and emacs, two advanced editors with both text-based and graphical interfaces. Basic Editors: nano and gedit Overview of Text Editors in Linux At some point, you will need to manually edit text files. You might be composing an email off-line, writing a script to be used for bash or other command interpreters, altering a system or application configuration file, or developing source code for a programming…

Intro: Learning Objectives By the end of this chapter, you should be able to: Use and configure user accounts and user groups. Use and set environment variables. Use the previous shell command history. Use keyboard shortcuts. Use and define aliases. Use and set file permissions and ownership. Accounts, Users and Groups Identifying the Current User As you know, Linux is a multi-user operating system, meaning more than one user can log on at the same time. To identify the current user, type whoami. To list the currently logged-on users, type who. Giving who the -a option will give more detailed information. Identifying the Current User User…

Introduction Kubernetes is an open-source container orchestration platform that automates the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. It was originally developed by Google, and is now maintained by the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF). Kubernetes allows you to deploy and manage containerized applications across a cluster of machines. It provides features such as automatic scaling, rolling updates, self-healing, service discovery, and load balancing, making it easier to manage large and complex container deployments. Kubernetes also supports a wide range of container runtimes, including Docker, containerd, and CRI-O. With Kubernetes, you can declaratively define your desired state of the application…

This guide is for installing the most recent version of Git on CentOS 7 server. The git variant accessible on CentOS 7 repo is the old, Git 1.x. However, if you need the most recent version of Git, i.e. Git version 2.x, utilize this manual for installing it on Centos/RHEL. Git is a free and open source distributed version control system designed to handle everything from small to very large projects with speed and efficiency by tracking changes in any set of files. It is usually used for coordinating work among programmers collaboratively developing source code during software development.. Its goals include speed, data integrity, and support…